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Titre : Classical Mechanics : A Professor–student Collaboration Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Mario Campanelli Editeur : london:IOP Publishing Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 1 vol (24-2 p.) ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-7503-2689-6 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Bibliothèque numérique:Physique Mots-clés : Mechanics:Textbooks
Physics:TextbooksIndex. décimale : 530-Physique Résumé :
Classical Mechanics: A professor–student collaboration is a textbook tailored for undergraduate physics students embarking on a first-year module in Newtonian mechanics. This book was written as a unique collaboration between Mario Campanelli and students that attended his course in classical mechanics at University College London. Taking his lecture notes as a starting point, and reflecting on their own experiences studying the material, the students worked together with Campanelli to produce a comprehensive course text that covers a familiar topic from a new perspective.All the fundamental topics are included, starting with an overview of the core mathematics and then moving on to statics, kinematics, dynamics and non-inertial frames, as well as fluid mechanics, which is often overlooked in standard university courses. Clear explanations and step-by-step examples are provided throughout to break down complicated ideas that can be taken for granted in other standard texts, giving students the expertise to confidently tackle their university tests and fully grasp important concepts that underpin all physics and engineering courses. Key Features Written in collaboration with students, offering a revolutionary method of delivering knowledge between peers Based on the lectures of UCL professor Mario Campanelli, who has 25 years of teaching experience Clearly explains the physical concepts and the mathematical background behind classical mechanics Exercises in each chapter allow students to test their understanding of the conceptsNote de contenu :
Contents
Preface xii
1 Mathematical preliminaries 1-1
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Vectors 1-1
1.2 Complex numbers 1-14
1.3 Calculus 1-16
1.4 Differential equations 1-29
2 Newton’s laws 2-1
2.0 Introduction 2-1
2.1 Newton’s laws of motion 2-1
2.2 The concept of force 2-5
2.3 Motion under a constant force 2-15
2.4.1 Projectiles without air resistance 2-27
2.5 Momentum and impulse 2-33
2.6 Conservation of momentum for isolated systems 2-34
3 Kinematic relations 3-1
3.0 Introduction: what is energy? 3-1
3.1 Work and energy 3-1
3.2 Relationship between work and kinetic energy 3-5
3.3 Power 3-6
3.4 Potential energy and conservative forces 3-8
4 Oscillatory motion 4-1
4.0 Introduction 4-1
4.1 Simple harmonic motion 4-1
4.1.1 Energy of simple harmonic motion 4-7
4.2 Damped harmonic motion 4-9
4.3 Driven and damped harmonic motion 4-13
4.4 Coupled oscillators 4-23
5 Angular momentum and central forces 5-1
5.0 Introduction 5-1
5.1 Polar coordinates 5-1
5.2 Circular motion 5-4
5.3 Angular momentum 5-6
Classical Mechanics
5.4 Central forces 5-8
5.4.1 Potential energy for central forces 5-11
6 Centre of mass and collisions 6-1
6.0 Introduction 6-1
6.1 The centre of mass 6-1
6.2 Collisions 6-9
7 Orbits 7-1
7.0 Introduction: a historical note 7-1
7.1 Orbital forces 7-2
7.1.1 Potentials 7-3
7.2 Circular motion approximation 7-4
7.3 Motion under the inverse square law of force 7-6
7.4 Orbits under an attractive force: elliptical orbits and Kepler’s laws 7-11
7.5 Orbits with positive energy: unbound orbits 7-18
7.6 Reduced mass and the two-body problem 7-20
7.7 Variable mass problems 7-23
8 Rigid bodies 8-1
8.0 Introduction 8-1
8.1 Preliminaries 8-1
8.2 Centre of mass 8-4
8.3 Flat object in x–y plane 8-6
8.4 General motion of a non-planar object in 3D space 8-20
9 Accelerating frames of reference 9-1
9.0 Accelerating reference frames 9-1
9.1 Fictitious forces 9-6
10 Fluid mechanics 10-1
10.0 Introduction 10-1
10.1 Hydrostatics 10-2
10.2 Hydrodynamics—fluids in motion 10-5
11 Solutions to Chapter 1: Mathematical preliminaries 11-1
12 Solutions to Chapter 2: Newton’s laws 12-1
13 Selected solutions to Chapter 3: Kinematic relations 13-1
14 Selected solutions to Chapter 4: Oscillatory motion 14-1
15 Selected solutions to Chapter 5: Angular momentum and central forces 15-1
16 Solutions to Chapter 6: Centre of mass and collisions 16-1
17 Solutions to Chapter 7: Orbits 17-1
18 Selected solutions to Chapter 8: Rigid bodies 18-1
19 Selected solutions to Chapter 9: Accelerating frames of reference 19-1
20 Solutions to Chapter 10: Fluid mechanics 20-1
Appendices
Appendix A A-1
Appendix B B-1
Appendix C
Côte titre : E-Fs/0020 En ligne : https://sciences-courses.univ-setif.dz/login/index.php Classical Mechanics : A Professor–student Collaboration [document électronique] / Mario Campanelli . - [S.l.] : london:IOP Publishing, 2020 . - 1 vol (24-2 p.).
ISBN : 978-0-7503-2689-6
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Bibliothèque numérique:Physique Mots-clés : Mechanics:Textbooks
Physics:TextbooksIndex. décimale : 530-Physique Résumé :
Classical Mechanics: A professor–student collaboration is a textbook tailored for undergraduate physics students embarking on a first-year module in Newtonian mechanics. This book was written as a unique collaboration between Mario Campanelli and students that attended his course in classical mechanics at University College London. Taking his lecture notes as a starting point, and reflecting on their own experiences studying the material, the students worked together with Campanelli to produce a comprehensive course text that covers a familiar topic from a new perspective.All the fundamental topics are included, starting with an overview of the core mathematics and then moving on to statics, kinematics, dynamics and non-inertial frames, as well as fluid mechanics, which is often overlooked in standard university courses. Clear explanations and step-by-step examples are provided throughout to break down complicated ideas that can be taken for granted in other standard texts, giving students the expertise to confidently tackle their university tests and fully grasp important concepts that underpin all physics and engineering courses. Key Features Written in collaboration with students, offering a revolutionary method of delivering knowledge between peers Based on the lectures of UCL professor Mario Campanelli, who has 25 years of teaching experience Clearly explains the physical concepts and the mathematical background behind classical mechanics Exercises in each chapter allow students to test their understanding of the conceptsNote de contenu :
Contents
Preface xii
1 Mathematical preliminaries 1-1
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Vectors 1-1
1.2 Complex numbers 1-14
1.3 Calculus 1-16
1.4 Differential equations 1-29
2 Newton’s laws 2-1
2.0 Introduction 2-1
2.1 Newton’s laws of motion 2-1
2.2 The concept of force 2-5
2.3 Motion under a constant force 2-15
2.4.1 Projectiles without air resistance 2-27
2.5 Momentum and impulse 2-33
2.6 Conservation of momentum for isolated systems 2-34
3 Kinematic relations 3-1
3.0 Introduction: what is energy? 3-1
3.1 Work and energy 3-1
3.2 Relationship between work and kinetic energy 3-5
3.3 Power 3-6
3.4 Potential energy and conservative forces 3-8
4 Oscillatory motion 4-1
4.0 Introduction 4-1
4.1 Simple harmonic motion 4-1
4.1.1 Energy of simple harmonic motion 4-7
4.2 Damped harmonic motion 4-9
4.3 Driven and damped harmonic motion 4-13
4.4 Coupled oscillators 4-23
5 Angular momentum and central forces 5-1
5.0 Introduction 5-1
5.1 Polar coordinates 5-1
5.2 Circular motion 5-4
5.3 Angular momentum 5-6
Classical Mechanics
5.4 Central forces 5-8
5.4.1 Potential energy for central forces 5-11
6 Centre of mass and collisions 6-1
6.0 Introduction 6-1
6.1 The centre of mass 6-1
6.2 Collisions 6-9
7 Orbits 7-1
7.0 Introduction: a historical note 7-1
7.1 Orbital forces 7-2
7.1.1 Potentials 7-3
7.2 Circular motion approximation 7-4
7.3 Motion under the inverse square law of force 7-6
7.4 Orbits under an attractive force: elliptical orbits and Kepler’s laws 7-11
7.5 Orbits with positive energy: unbound orbits 7-18
7.6 Reduced mass and the two-body problem 7-20
7.7 Variable mass problems 7-23
8 Rigid bodies 8-1
8.0 Introduction 8-1
8.1 Preliminaries 8-1
8.2 Centre of mass 8-4
8.3 Flat object in x–y plane 8-6
8.4 General motion of a non-planar object in 3D space 8-20
9 Accelerating frames of reference 9-1
9.0 Accelerating reference frames 9-1
9.1 Fictitious forces 9-6
10 Fluid mechanics 10-1
10.0 Introduction 10-1
10.1 Hydrostatics 10-2
10.2 Hydrodynamics—fluids in motion 10-5
11 Solutions to Chapter 1: Mathematical preliminaries 11-1
12 Solutions to Chapter 2: Newton’s laws 12-1
13 Selected solutions to Chapter 3: Kinematic relations 13-1
14 Selected solutions to Chapter 4: Oscillatory motion 14-1
15 Selected solutions to Chapter 5: Angular momentum and central forces 15-1
16 Solutions to Chapter 6: Centre of mass and collisions 16-1
17 Solutions to Chapter 7: Orbits 17-1
18 Selected solutions to Chapter 8: Rigid bodies 18-1
19 Selected solutions to Chapter 9: Accelerating frames of reference 19-1
20 Solutions to Chapter 10: Fluid mechanics 20-1
Appendices
Appendix A A-1
Appendix B B-1
Appendix C
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Titre : Electromagnetic Waves and Lasers Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Wayne D Kimura Mention d'édition : Second Edition Editeur : london:IOP Publishing Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 1 vol (p.) Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Bibliothèque numérique:Physique Mots-clés : Electromagnetic waves
LasersIndex. décimale : 530.141 Ondes électromagnétiques Résumé : Electromagnetic Waves and Lasers reviews electromagnetic wave theory with a special emphasis on lasers and how to use them in optical systems. As a short treatise on this subject matter, this book aims to offer a quick overview that will allow the reader to gain a competent general understanding of electromagnetic waves and lasers, and how to use lasers in optical systems. Beginning with an introduction on electromagnetic waves, the book progresses to examine the application of electromagnetic wave theory, and the different aspects of working with lasers and their associated components. This second edition includes detailed information and procedures for setting up a laser optical system making it an excellent guide for those involved with using lasers.Key FeaturesA concise but detailed overview of electromagnetic waves and lasersIncludes detailed information and procedures for setting up a laser optical system, making it an excellent guide for those involved with using lasersProvides examples of how the theory is manifested in real life and also practical knowledge about lasers, their operation and usageThe
author, who is the president of an optical company, has succeeded in explaining the subject in a plain, very understandable way without making recourse to very complex mathematics. Of course, the reverse of this is that the reader gains only generic information. It is however what can be needed for many people working with lasers who do not need to have a deep knowledge of how they work or on the detailed behaviour of electromagnetic waves. Many people wishing to approach the subject without being involved in long mathematical explanations will find the book very useful.The impression is good. I believe the author has reached his purpose and the reader should be satisfied. The typographical presentation is excellent, what more to ask from such a short presentation?Mario Bertolotti 2021 Contemporary Physics Taylor & Francis GroupNote de contenu :
Table of Contents
Preface to second edition
Preface to first edition
Show Level Author biography
Abbreviations
Show Level Chapter 1 What are electromagnetic waves?
1.1 Electromagnetic radiation
Show Level 1.2 Characterization of EM waves
Show Level 1.3 Basic properties of EM waves
1.4 Summary
References
Show Level Chapter 2 Lasers and applying EM wave theory
2.1 How does a laser work?
2.2 Laser resonator
2.3 Types of lasers
2.4 Tuning of laser output wavelength
2.5 Optical modes
2.6 Creating short laser pulses
2.7 Harmonic generation and conversion of laser wavelength
Show Level 2.8 Beam control and manipulation
Show Level 2.9 Optical system design
2.10 Summary
References
Show Level Chapter 3 Working with lasers and associated optical components
Show Level 3.1 Laser safety
3.2 Laser damage
3.3 Cleaning laser optics
Show Level 3.4 Brief overview of optical hardware
3.5 Aligning optics
Show Level 3.6 Designing and assembling an optical system
3.7 Summary
References
Show Level Chapter
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Radially polarized laser beams
A.3 Focusing radially polarized laser beams for ICA
A.4 Bessel beams
A.5 Summary
References
Côte titre : E-Fs/0025 En ligne : https://sciences-courses.univ-setif.dz/login/index.php Electromagnetic Waves and Lasers [document électronique] / Wayne D Kimura . - Second Edition . - [S.l.] : london:IOP Publishing, 2020 . - 1 vol (p.).
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Bibliothèque numérique:Physique Mots-clés : Electromagnetic waves
LasersIndex. décimale : 530.141 Ondes électromagnétiques Résumé : Electromagnetic Waves and Lasers reviews electromagnetic wave theory with a special emphasis on lasers and how to use them in optical systems. As a short treatise on this subject matter, this book aims to offer a quick overview that will allow the reader to gain a competent general understanding of electromagnetic waves and lasers, and how to use lasers in optical systems. Beginning with an introduction on electromagnetic waves, the book progresses to examine the application of electromagnetic wave theory, and the different aspects of working with lasers and their associated components. This second edition includes detailed information and procedures for setting up a laser optical system making it an excellent guide for those involved with using lasers.Key FeaturesA concise but detailed overview of electromagnetic waves and lasersIncludes detailed information and procedures for setting up a laser optical system, making it an excellent guide for those involved with using lasersProvides examples of how the theory is manifested in real life and also practical knowledge about lasers, their operation and usageThe
author, who is the president of an optical company, has succeeded in explaining the subject in a plain, very understandable way without making recourse to very complex mathematics. Of course, the reverse of this is that the reader gains only generic information. It is however what can be needed for many people working with lasers who do not need to have a deep knowledge of how they work or on the detailed behaviour of electromagnetic waves. Many people wishing to approach the subject without being involved in long mathematical explanations will find the book very useful.The impression is good. I believe the author has reached his purpose and the reader should be satisfied. The typographical presentation is excellent, what more to ask from such a short presentation?Mario Bertolotti 2021 Contemporary Physics Taylor & Francis GroupNote de contenu :
Table of Contents
Preface to second edition
Preface to first edition
Show Level Author biography
Abbreviations
Show Level Chapter 1 What are electromagnetic waves?
1.1 Electromagnetic radiation
Show Level 1.2 Characterization of EM waves
Show Level 1.3 Basic properties of EM waves
1.4 Summary
References
Show Level Chapter 2 Lasers and applying EM wave theory
2.1 How does a laser work?
2.2 Laser resonator
2.3 Types of lasers
2.4 Tuning of laser output wavelength
2.5 Optical modes
2.6 Creating short laser pulses
2.7 Harmonic generation and conversion of laser wavelength
Show Level 2.8 Beam control and manipulation
Show Level 2.9 Optical system design
2.10 Summary
References
Show Level Chapter 3 Working with lasers and associated optical components
Show Level 3.1 Laser safety
3.2 Laser damage
3.3 Cleaning laser optics
Show Level 3.4 Brief overview of optical hardware
3.5 Aligning optics
Show Level 3.6 Designing and assembling an optical system
3.7 Summary
References
Show Level Chapter
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Radially polarized laser beams
A.3 Focusing radially polarized laser beams for ICA
A.4 Bessel beams
A.5 Summary
References
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Titre : Optics Experiments and Demonstrations for Student Laboratories Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : G Lipson Stephen Editeur : london:IOP Publishing Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 1 vol (10-10 p.) ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-7503-2299-7 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Bibliothèque numérique:Physique Mots-clés : Optics:Experiments
Light:ExperimentsIndex. décimale : 530 Physique Résumé :
This book provides a comprehensive guide to a wide range of optical experiments. Topics covered include classical geometrical and physical optics, polarization, scattering and diffraction, imaging, interference, wave propagation, optical properties of materials, and atmospheric and relativistic optics. There are a few selected suggestions on lasers and quantum optics. The book is an essential practical guide for optics students and their mentors at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The experiments described are based on the author's experience during many years of laboratory teaching in several universities and colleges and the emphasis is on setups which use equipment that is commonly available in student labs, with minimal dependence on special samples or instruments. A basic background in physics and optics is assumed, but commonly encountered problems and mistakes are discussed. There are several appendices describing specialized points which are difficult to locate in the literature, and advice is provided about computer simulations which accompany some of the experiments. Key Features Describes experiments in a wide range of optical topics, which an advanced undergraduate student will be acquainted with Emphasizes how to carry out the experiments in a student laboratory, without the need for specialized equipment This highly recommended book masterfully fills a significant lacuna in optics education with an innovative approach. The author, following five decades of teaching optics, provides an expert guide for student pairs to assemble commonly available optical components (not from commercial kits), and to achieve their alignment, data acquisition, analysis and interpretation.The extensive scope includes geometrical optics, physical optics, optics of materials, atmospheric optics, relativistic optics and quantum optics. The author provides a comprehensive set of suggestions, pitfalls, line drawings and images of typical assemblies of optical components for each chapter. For each experiment he presents the key elements of the theory, a clear definition of the technical terms, the underlying mathematical description of the phenomena, real images of the phenomena, and graphs of the key parameters. The color figures of the instruments and light ray paths are invaluable.The level of the experiments augments the 4th edition of Optical Physics. Selected references augment the chapters.Barry R. Masters, Fellow of AAAS, OSA, and SPIE. 2021 Optics and Photonics News The Optical Society (USA)
Note de contenu :
Contents
Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xv
Author biography xvi
1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 What is the purpose of this book, and for whom it is intended 1-1
1.2 Basic equipment: hardware, light sources, lenses, mirrors,windows, filters, cameras etc1-2
2 Geometrical optics 2-1
2.1 Prism spectrometer and glass dispersion 2-1
2.2 Critical angle of reflection and Abbe refractometer:measurement of refractive index of a fluid 2-3
2.3 Paraxial imaging by singlet lenses: thin lens imaging,Newton’s law, depth of field, Scheimpflug construction 2-6
2.4 Compound and thick lenses: focal, principal and nodal planes, zoom lenses 2-11
2.5 Telescopes: refractor telescopes, Newton reflector telescope and periscope 2-14
2.6 Microscopes: transmission, reflection, dark field 2-20
2.7 Autocollimator: measuring focal planes of a lens and angle of rotation 2-25
2.8 Aberrations and their reduction: some basic concepts, use of stops 2-26
2.9 Gravitational lens analogy: an example of an aspherical lens 2-30
3 Polarization and scattering 3-1
3.1 Polarized light 3-1
3.2 Fresnel coefficients for reflection at an interface 3-5
3.3 Ellipsometry: using polarized light to measure properties of thin films 3-9
3.4 Rayleigh scattering 3-14
3.5 Coherent back-scattering 3-15
4 Physical optics I: diffraction and imaging 4-1
4.1 Fraunhofer (far-field) diffraction and Fourier transforms 4-1
4.2 Fresnel (near-field) diffraction 4-9
4.3 Diffraction gratings: transmission and reflection gratings and spectroscopy 4-16
4.4 Imaging with coherent illumination 4-22
4.5 Optical transfer function: incoherent resolution measurement 4-31
4.6 Diffraction by three-dimensional objects: analogues of crystallography 4-35
4.7 High resolution, wide field Fourier ptychographic microscopy 4-40
5 Physical optics II: interference 5-1
5.1 Newton’s rings and flat plate interference 5-1
5.2 Michelson and Twyman–Green interferometer: absolute measurement of wavelength, Fourier spectroscopy and optical testing 5-3
5.3 Sagnac common-path interferometer 5-12
5.4 Fabry–Perot étalon 5-16
5.5 Holography with a digital camera 5-21
5.6 Interferometric holography 5-29re holography 5-30
5.7 Computer-generated holography 5-31
6 Physical optics III: topics in wave propagation 6-1
6.1 Optical tunnelling: frustrated total internal reflection 6-1
6.2 The acousto-optic effect 6-6
6.3 Berry’s geometric phase 6-9
6.4 Spatial coherence function: measurement and interpretation 6-11
6.5 Aperture synthesis 6-14
6.6 Gouy phase shift through a focus 6-17
6.7 Optical vortices 6-18
7 Optics of materials 7-1
7.1 Interferometric measurement of the refractive index of a gas 7-1
7.2 Anisotropic materials: interference figures of uniaxial and biaxial crystals 7-2
7.3 Chiral materials: optical activity 7-5
7.4 Non-linear optics: second harmonic generation 7-6
7.5 Surface plasmon resonance 7-10
7.6 Induced optical anisotropy: photo-elastic, electro-optic and magneto-optic effects 7-14
8 Atmospheric optics 8-1
8.1 Rainbow: geometrical and physical optical effects, high-order rainbows 8-1
8.2 Mirages and gradient-index optics 8-5
8.3 Green flash 8-9
8.4 Sky polarization, the sunstone and Viking navigation 8-12
9 Relativistic optics 9-1
9.1 Fizeau’s experiment: velocity of light in moving water 9-1
9.2 Optical fibre gyroscope: measurement of rate of rotation 9-3
10 Basic experiments in quantum optics 10-1
10.1 Coincidence experiments 10-1
10.2 Measuring the Planck constant 10-4
10.3 Laser modes 10-6
10.4 The spectrum of black-body radiation 10-7
Côte titre : E-Fs/0035 En ligne : https://sciences-courses.univ-setif.dz/login/index.php Optics Experiments and Demonstrations for Student Laboratories [document électronique] / G Lipson Stephen . - [S.l.] : london:IOP Publishing, 2020 . - 1 vol (10-10 p.).
ISBN : 978-0-7503-2299-7
Langues : Français (fre)
Catégories : Bibliothèque numérique:Physique Mots-clés : Optics:Experiments
Light:ExperimentsIndex. décimale : 530 Physique Résumé :
This book provides a comprehensive guide to a wide range of optical experiments. Topics covered include classical geometrical and physical optics, polarization, scattering and diffraction, imaging, interference, wave propagation, optical properties of materials, and atmospheric and relativistic optics. There are a few selected suggestions on lasers and quantum optics. The book is an essential practical guide for optics students and their mentors at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The experiments described are based on the author's experience during many years of laboratory teaching in several universities and colleges and the emphasis is on setups which use equipment that is commonly available in student labs, with minimal dependence on special samples or instruments. A basic background in physics and optics is assumed, but commonly encountered problems and mistakes are discussed. There are several appendices describing specialized points which are difficult to locate in the literature, and advice is provided about computer simulations which accompany some of the experiments. Key Features Describes experiments in a wide range of optical topics, which an advanced undergraduate student will be acquainted with Emphasizes how to carry out the experiments in a student laboratory, without the need for specialized equipment This highly recommended book masterfully fills a significant lacuna in optics education with an innovative approach. The author, following five decades of teaching optics, provides an expert guide for student pairs to assemble commonly available optical components (not from commercial kits), and to achieve their alignment, data acquisition, analysis and interpretation.The extensive scope includes geometrical optics, physical optics, optics of materials, atmospheric optics, relativistic optics and quantum optics. The author provides a comprehensive set of suggestions, pitfalls, line drawings and images of typical assemblies of optical components for each chapter. For each experiment he presents the key elements of the theory, a clear definition of the technical terms, the underlying mathematical description of the phenomena, real images of the phenomena, and graphs of the key parameters. The color figures of the instruments and light ray paths are invaluable.The level of the experiments augments the 4th edition of Optical Physics. Selected references augment the chapters.Barry R. Masters, Fellow of AAAS, OSA, and SPIE. 2021 Optics and Photonics News The Optical Society (USA)
Note de contenu :
Contents
Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xv
Author biography xvi
1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 What is the purpose of this book, and for whom it is intended 1-1
1.2 Basic equipment: hardware, light sources, lenses, mirrors,windows, filters, cameras etc1-2
2 Geometrical optics 2-1
2.1 Prism spectrometer and glass dispersion 2-1
2.2 Critical angle of reflection and Abbe refractometer:measurement of refractive index of a fluid 2-3
2.3 Paraxial imaging by singlet lenses: thin lens imaging,Newton’s law, depth of field, Scheimpflug construction 2-6
2.4 Compound and thick lenses: focal, principal and nodal planes, zoom lenses 2-11
2.5 Telescopes: refractor telescopes, Newton reflector telescope and periscope 2-14
2.6 Microscopes: transmission, reflection, dark field 2-20
2.7 Autocollimator: measuring focal planes of a lens and angle of rotation 2-25
2.8 Aberrations and their reduction: some basic concepts, use of stops 2-26
2.9 Gravitational lens analogy: an example of an aspherical lens 2-30
3 Polarization and scattering 3-1
3.1 Polarized light 3-1
3.2 Fresnel coefficients for reflection at an interface 3-5
3.3 Ellipsometry: using polarized light to measure properties of thin films 3-9
3.4 Rayleigh scattering 3-14
3.5 Coherent back-scattering 3-15
4 Physical optics I: diffraction and imaging 4-1
4.1 Fraunhofer (far-field) diffraction and Fourier transforms 4-1
4.2 Fresnel (near-field) diffraction 4-9
4.3 Diffraction gratings: transmission and reflection gratings and spectroscopy 4-16
4.4 Imaging with coherent illumination 4-22
4.5 Optical transfer function: incoherent resolution measurement 4-31
4.6 Diffraction by three-dimensional objects: analogues of crystallography 4-35
4.7 High resolution, wide field Fourier ptychographic microscopy 4-40
5 Physical optics II: interference 5-1
5.1 Newton’s rings and flat plate interference 5-1
5.2 Michelson and Twyman–Green interferometer: absolute measurement of wavelength, Fourier spectroscopy and optical testing 5-3
5.3 Sagnac common-path interferometer 5-12
5.4 Fabry–Perot étalon 5-16
5.5 Holography with a digital camera 5-21
5.6 Interferometric holography 5-29re holography 5-30
5.7 Computer-generated holography 5-31
6 Physical optics III: topics in wave propagation 6-1
6.1 Optical tunnelling: frustrated total internal reflection 6-1
6.2 The acousto-optic effect 6-6
6.3 Berry’s geometric phase 6-9
6.4 Spatial coherence function: measurement and interpretation 6-11
6.5 Aperture synthesis 6-14
6.6 Gouy phase shift through a focus 6-17
6.7 Optical vortices 6-18
7 Optics of materials 7-1
7.1 Interferometric measurement of the refractive index of a gas 7-1
7.2 Anisotropic materials: interference figures of uniaxial and biaxial crystals 7-2
7.3 Chiral materials: optical activity 7-5
7.4 Non-linear optics: second harmonic generation 7-6
7.5 Surface plasmon resonance 7-10
7.6 Induced optical anisotropy: photo-elastic, electro-optic and magneto-optic effects 7-14
8 Atmospheric optics 8-1
8.1 Rainbow: geometrical and physical optical effects, high-order rainbows 8-1
8.2 Mirages and gradient-index optics 8-5
8.3 Green flash 8-9
8.4 Sky polarization, the sunstone and Viking navigation 8-12
9 Relativistic optics 9-1
9.1 Fizeau’s experiment: velocity of light in moving water 9-1
9.2 Optical fibre gyroscope: measurement of rate of rotation 9-3
10 Basic experiments in quantum optics 10-1
10.1 Coincidence experiments 10-1
10.2 Measuring the Planck constant 10-4
10.3 Laser modes 10-6
10.4 The spectrum of black-body radiation 10-7
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