Improving IoT communication quality for more robust systems / Samah lydia Bahar

Public ISBD Titre : Improving IoT communication quality for more robust systems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Samah lydia Bahar, Auteur ; Anfel Hefassa ; Aissaoui, mohammed, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Setif:UFA Année de publication : 2024 Importance : 1 vol (72 f .) Format : 29 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Informatique Mots-clés : IoT SDN TDMA SDTMP Agriculture Index. décimale : 004 - Informatique Résumé : The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of physical objects equipped with sensors and software, allowing for collecting and exchanging data found in various domains, such as healthcare, agriculture, industry, and home automation. This innovation has revolutionized agriculture by introducing smart technologies that optimize production and resource management. Farmers can monitor real-time soil conditions, humidity levels, temperature, and crop growth through connected sensors, enabling precise and efficient interventions. However, network density and traffic load are considered significant factors that may negatively affect our system and its infrastructure, as achievable throughputs in such networks are particularly limited when the number of members and clusters decreases. It is even considered that the transmission delay from a source to a destination influences network efficiency by leaving unused time slots empty, without any data to send. Also, ensuring that the packets arrive is one of the most crucial conditions. Thus, managing all these metrics and improving communication quality in the IoT is essential to ensure system reliability and robustness. Historically, this endeavor to address challenges has led to numerous research studies, mainly focused on improving throughput, reducing delays and dropped packets. Consequently, thanks to various techniques such as optimizing communication protocols, using new modulation technologies, and designing smart mesh networks, IoT connectivity is being strengthened. Integrating dynamic adaptation algorithms and advanced mechanisms enables IoT systems to withstand challenging environments. This thesis focuses on one of these protocols, the SDN-based Dynamic TDMA MAC Protocol (SDTMP), aiming for its real integration into IoT applications. Our initial work is mainly focused on designing an SDN controller that centralizes the management and orchestration of our network, offering programmability, flexibility, and traffic optimization. We also chose the MQTT protocol because of its lightweight and bandwidth efficiency, making it ideal for reliable, real-time, low-latency communication. In addition, we opted for LoRa technology, known for its long-range and low energy consumption. Therefore, we proposed and implemented this protocol, and simulations showed significant reductions in delays and lost packets and an increase in throughput compared with traditional TDMA. Note de contenu : Sommaire List of Figures viii List of Tables xi General introduction 1 1 State of the art 3 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Internet of Things: Generality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1 The evolution of IoT architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2 IoT Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.3 IoT Networks types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3 SDN (Software-Defined Networking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.1 SDN architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.2 SDN advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.4 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.1 Publish/Subscribe Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4.2 MQTT Client and Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4.3 MQTT Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4.4 MQTT QoS management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.5 IoT QoS techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.5.1 Application and Transport layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.5.2 Network layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.5.3 MAC layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.5.4 Physical layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.6 IoT Reliability Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.6.1 Packet Delivery Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.6.2 Outage probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.3 Channel busy ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.4 Packet inter-arrival time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.5 End-to-end delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.6 Safety awareness range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.6.7 Signature verification time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2 The proposed solution 30 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3 The proposed system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.1 Data center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.2 Cluster-head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.3 Node members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4 Application and transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5 Network layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.6 Mac Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6.1 Overview of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) . . . . . . . . 34 2.6.2 Limitations of TDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6.3 Objectives of SDN-based Dynamic TDMA MAC Protocol (SDTMP) 35 2.6.4 SDN-based Dynamic TDMA MAC Protocol (SDTMP) . . . . . . 35 2.6.5 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.6.6 SDTMP Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.6.7 Step 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.6.8 Step 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.6.9 Step 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.7 Physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.8 Illustrative example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.8.1 Application and transport layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.8.2 Network layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.8.3 Mac layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.8.4 Physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.8.5 Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.9 Simulations and results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.9.1 Clusters by members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2.9.2 Members by Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2.10 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Côte titre : MAI/0915 Improving IoT communication quality for more robust systems [texte imprimé] / Samah lydia Bahar, Auteur ; Anfel Hefassa ; Aissaoui, mohammed, Directeur de thèse . - [S.l.] : Setif:UFA, 2024 . - 1 vol (72 f .) ; 29 cm. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Informatique Mots-clés : IoT SDN TDMA SDTMP Agriculture Index. décimale : 004 - Informatique Résumé : The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of physical objects equipped with sensors and software, allowing for collecting and exchanging data found in various domains, such as healthcare, agriculture, industry, and home automation. This innovation has revolutionized agriculture by introducing smart technologies that optimize production and resource management. Farmers can monitor real-time soil conditions, humidity levels, temperature, and crop growth through connected sensors, enabling precise and efficient interventions. However, network density and traffic load are considered significant factors that may negatively affect our system and its infrastructure, as achievable throughputs in such networks are particularly limited when the number of members and clusters decreases. It is even considered that the transmission delay from a source to a destination influences network efficiency by leaving unused time slots empty, without any data to send. Also, ensuring that the packets arrive is one of the most crucial conditions. Thus, managing all these metrics and improving communication quality in the IoT is essential to ensure system reliability and robustness. Historically, this endeavor to address challenges has led to numerous research studies, mainly focused on improving throughput, reducing delays and dropped packets. Consequently, thanks to various techniques such as optimizing communication protocols, using new modulation technologies, and designing smart mesh networks, IoT connectivity is being strengthened. Integrating dynamic adaptation algorithms and advanced mechanisms enables IoT systems to withstand challenging environments. This thesis focuses on one of these protocols, the SDN-based Dynamic TDMA MAC Protocol (SDTMP), aiming for its real integration into IoT applications. Our initial work is mainly focused on designing an SDN controller that centralizes the management and orchestration of our network, offering programmability, flexibility, and traffic optimization. We also chose the MQTT protocol because of its lightweight and bandwidth efficiency, making it ideal for reliable, real-time, low-latency communication. In addition, we opted for LoRa technology, known for its long-range and low energy consumption. Therefore, we proposed and implemented this protocol, and simulations showed significant reductions in delays and lost packets and an increase in throughput compared with traditional TDMA. Note de contenu : Sommaire List of Figures viii List of Tables xi General introduction 1 1 State of the art 3 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Internet of Things: Generality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1 The evolution of IoT architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2 IoT Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.3 IoT Networks types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3 SDN (Software-Defined Networking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.1 SDN architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.2 SDN advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.4 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.1 Publish/Subscribe Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4.2 MQTT Client and Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4.3 MQTT Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4.4 MQTT QoS management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.5 IoT QoS techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.5.1 Application and Transport layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.5.2 Network layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.5.3 MAC layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.5.4 Physical layer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.6 IoT Reliability Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.6.1 Packet Delivery Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.6.2 Outage probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.3 Channel busy ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.4 Packet inter-arrival time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.5 End-to-end delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.6 Safety awareness range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.6.7 Signature verification time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2 The proposed solution 30 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3 The proposed system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.1 Data center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.2 Cluster-head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3.3 Node members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4 Application and transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5 Network layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.6 Mac Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6.1 Overview of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) . . . . . . . . 34 2.6.2 Limitations of TDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6.3 Objectives of SDN-based Dynamic TDMA MAC Protocol (SDTMP) 35 2.6.4 SDN-based Dynamic TDMA MAC Protocol (SDTMP) . . . . . . 35 2.6.5 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.6.6 SDTMP Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.6.7 Step 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.6.8 Step 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.6.9 Step 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.7 Physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.8 Illustrative example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.8.1 Application and transport layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.8.2 Network layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.8.3 Mac layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.8.4 Physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.8.5 Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.9 Simulations and results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.9.1 Clusters by members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2.9.2 Members by Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2.10 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Côte titre : MAI/0915

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
MAI/0915	MAI/0915	Mémoire	Bibliothéque des sciences	Anglais	Disponible Disponible

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