University Sétif 1 FERHAT ABBAS Faculty of Sciences
Détail de l'auteur
Auteur Soundes Belaib |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier Affiner la recherche
Titre : AlgroTech: A Blockchain- and IoT-Based Platform for Smart Agriculture Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Lamis Zaaboub ; Soundes Belaib, Auteur ; Sarra Cherbal, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Setif:UFA Année de publication : 2025 Importance : 1 vol (99 f .) Format : 29 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Informatique Mots-clés : Smart Agriculture
IoT
Blockchain
Traceability
Irrigation Automation
QR Code
AlgroTechIndex. décimale : 004 Informatique Résumé :
Algeria’s agricultural sector faces major challenges including inefficient resource
use, a lack of data-driven practices, and weak traceability across production
chains. These issues have resulted in poor transparency and the rejection of
exported goods from international markets due to non-compliance with health
and safety standards.
This thesis proposes AlgroTech, a smart agriculture platform combining
Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and blockchain infrastructure. The system
monitors environmental parameters—particularly soil moisture—through
sensors, and automates irrigation decisions. It also allows farmers to record
crop data such as fertilizer usage and harvest dates, which are then validated
through a private process and stored immutably on the Ethereum blockchain
via smart contracts. At the end of the crop cycle, a QR code is generated,
linking consumers and investors to verified data stored on the blockchain.
The prototype was implemented using ESP32, moisture sensors, and a web
platform. Testing results demonstrate improvements in transparency, irrigation
efficiency, and data integrity. The solution also presents a viable business model
for deployment as a startup under the Algerian “1275” innovation framework.Note de contenu : Sommaire
List of Abbreviations
General Introduction 1
1 Overview of IoT and Blockchain 2
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.2 IoT Application Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.3 Role of IoT in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.4 The Multi-Layer Model of IoT in Agriculture . . . . . . 5
1.2.5 Sensors Used in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.6 Advantages of IoT in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Blockchain Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.1 Definition of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.2 Key Features of Blockchain Technology . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3 Blockchain Transaction Validation Process . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.4 Uses of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.5 Advantages of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.6 Application of Blockchain in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Integration of IoT and Blockchain in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Overview of Existing Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Motivations and Proposed Solution 14
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 Export Rejections and the Need for Traceability . . . . . 14
2.3 Proposed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.1 Project Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.2 Value Proposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1 System Architecture Pyramid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.2 System Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.3 Farmer Interaction Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.4 Administrator Control Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.5 Sensor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.6 Blockchain Working Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 Implementation and Results 25
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Tools for Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.2 Software and Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3 Implementation Steps and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3.1 Collecting Data Using Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3.2 Sending Data from ESP32 to Database . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.3 Displaying Data on Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.4 Connecting the Platform to Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3.5 Generating QR Code for Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4 System Testing and Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.4.1 User Interface Implementation and Blockchain Integration 37
3.4.2 Storing Crop Data on the Blockchain and Generating QR
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5 Challenges Faced and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 Entrepreneurial and Business Dimension 44
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.2 Project Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.1 Project Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.2 Value Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2.3 Benefits to Stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3 Value Proposition Canvas of AlgroTech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3.1 Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.2 Project Objectives (SMART Framework) . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.3 Project Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.4 Innovative Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4.1 Nature of Innovations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4.2 Innovation Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.5 Strategic Market Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.5.1 Market Sector Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.5.2 Customer Behavior Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.5.3 Buyer Persona Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.5.4 Market Size Estimation (TAM–SAM–SOM) for AlgroTech 59
4.5.5 Justifications for the Target-Market Selection . . . . . . 60
4.5.6 Competition Intensity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.5.7 SWOT Analysis for AlgroTech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.5.8 Marketing Strategies for AlgroTech (7Ps Framework) . . 67
4.6 Marketing Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.7 Marketing Campaign Timeline (First 6 Months) . . . . . . . . . 69
4.8 Production and Organizational Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.8.1 Customer Journey for AlgroTech Service . . . . . . . . . 70
4.8.2 Procurement and Payment Framework . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.8.3 Required Equipment and Infrastructure for AlgroTech . . 73
4.8.4 Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.5 Estimated Job Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.6 Type and Location of Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.7 Possibility of Outsourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.8 Key Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.9 Financial Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.9.1 Costs and Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.9.2 Product Offers and Pricing Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.9.3 Revenue Forecast (Year 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.9.4 Compte de R´esultat Pr´evisionnel (ann´ee N) . . . . . . . 82
4.9.5 Cash Flow Plan (Plan de Tr´esorerie) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.10 Prototype Interface of the AlgroTech Platform . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.11 Business Model Canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
General Conclusion 94
Côte titre : MAI/1033 AlgroTech: A Blockchain- and IoT-Based Platform for Smart Agriculture [document électronique] / Lamis Zaaboub ; Soundes Belaib, Auteur ; Sarra Cherbal, Directeur de thèse . - [S.l.] : Setif:UFA, 2025 . - 1 vol (99 f .) ; 29 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Informatique Mots-clés : Smart Agriculture
IoT
Blockchain
Traceability
Irrigation Automation
QR Code
AlgroTechIndex. décimale : 004 Informatique Résumé :
Algeria’s agricultural sector faces major challenges including inefficient resource
use, a lack of data-driven practices, and weak traceability across production
chains. These issues have resulted in poor transparency and the rejection of
exported goods from international markets due to non-compliance with health
and safety standards.
This thesis proposes AlgroTech, a smart agriculture platform combining
Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and blockchain infrastructure. The system
monitors environmental parameters—particularly soil moisture—through
sensors, and automates irrigation decisions. It also allows farmers to record
crop data such as fertilizer usage and harvest dates, which are then validated
through a private process and stored immutably on the Ethereum blockchain
via smart contracts. At the end of the crop cycle, a QR code is generated,
linking consumers and investors to verified data stored on the blockchain.
The prototype was implemented using ESP32, moisture sensors, and a web
platform. Testing results demonstrate improvements in transparency, irrigation
efficiency, and data integrity. The solution also presents a viable business model
for deployment as a startup under the Algerian “1275” innovation framework.Note de contenu : Sommaire
List of Abbreviations
General Introduction 1
1 Overview of IoT and Blockchain 2
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.2 IoT Application Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.3 Role of IoT in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.4 The Multi-Layer Model of IoT in Agriculture . . . . . . 5
1.2.5 Sensors Used in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.6 Advantages of IoT in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Blockchain Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.1 Definition of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.2 Key Features of Blockchain Technology . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3 Blockchain Transaction Validation Process . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.4 Uses of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.5 Advantages of Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.6 Application of Blockchain in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Integration of IoT and Blockchain in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Overview of Existing Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Motivations and Proposed Solution 14
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 Export Rejections and the Need for Traceability . . . . . 14
2.3 Proposed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.1 Project Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.2 Value Proposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1 System Architecture Pyramid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.2 System Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.3 Farmer Interaction Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.4 Administrator Control Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.5 Sensor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.6 Blockchain Working Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 Implementation and Results 25
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Tools for Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.2 Software and Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3 Implementation Steps and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3.1 Collecting Data Using Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3.2 Sending Data from ESP32 to Database . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.3 Displaying Data on Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.4 Connecting the Platform to Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3.5 Generating QR Code for Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4 System Testing and Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.4.1 User Interface Implementation and Blockchain Integration 37
3.4.2 Storing Crop Data on the Blockchain and Generating QR
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5 Challenges Faced and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 Entrepreneurial and Business Dimension 44
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.2 Project Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.1 Project Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.2 Value Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2.3 Benefits to Stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3 Value Proposition Canvas of AlgroTech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3.1 Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.2 Project Objectives (SMART Framework) . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.3 Project Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.4 Innovative Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4.1 Nature of Innovations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4.2 Innovation Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.5 Strategic Market Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.5.1 Market Sector Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.5.2 Customer Behavior Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.5.3 Buyer Persona Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.5.4 Market Size Estimation (TAM–SAM–SOM) for AlgroTech 59
4.5.5 Justifications for the Target-Market Selection . . . . . . 60
4.5.6 Competition Intensity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.5.7 SWOT Analysis for AlgroTech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.5.8 Marketing Strategies for AlgroTech (7Ps Framework) . . 67
4.6 Marketing Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.7 Marketing Campaign Timeline (First 6 Months) . . . . . . . . . 69
4.8 Production and Organizational Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.8.1 Customer Journey for AlgroTech Service . . . . . . . . . 70
4.8.2 Procurement and Payment Framework . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.8.3 Required Equipment and Infrastructure for AlgroTech . . 73
4.8.4 Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.5 Estimated Job Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.6 Type and Location of Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.7 Possibility of Outsourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.8.8 Key Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.9 Financial Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.9.1 Costs and Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.9.2 Product Offers and Pricing Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.9.3 Revenue Forecast (Year 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.9.4 Compte de R´esultat Pr´evisionnel (ann´ee N) . . . . . . . 82
4.9.5 Cash Flow Plan (Plan de Tr´esorerie) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.10 Prototype Interface of the AlgroTech Platform . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.11 Business Model Canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
General Conclusion 94
Côte titre : MAI/1033 Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité MAI/1033 MAI/1033 Mémoire Bibliothèque des sciences Anglais Disponible
Disponible
