Analysis of the Properties of Composite Materials by Atomic Force MicroscopyAnalysis of the Properties of Composite Materials by Atomic Force Microscopy / Khalissa Kara

Public ISBD Titre : Analysis of the Properties of Composite Materials by Atomic Force MicroscopyAnalysis of the Properties of Composite Materials by Atomic Force Microscopy Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Khalissa Kara, Auteur ; Dina Ferdi, Auteur ; Y. Messaoudi, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Setif:UFA Année de publication : 2025 Importance : 1vol. (72 f.) Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Chimie Mots-clés : Composite Materials Atomic Force MicroscopyAnalysis Résumé : In recent years, the automotive industry, particularly tire manufacturing, has experienced significant development and transformation from a simple rubber strip to a complex system composed of dozens of different materials. This complexity aims to significantly enhance tire performance, with a focus on increasing longevity, durability, and adaptability to various operational conditions. These improvements require a detailed study of the materials used and their manufacturing processes. In this study investigate the effect of carbon black with different grades on the rheological, mechanical and physical properties of rubber blend SBR/NR. Carbon black is widely used as a reinforcing filler in rubber composites, enhancing their properties. The grades added and chosen for the various formulations of rubber compounds are N234, N375, N660. The study evaluates how these three specific grades influence key properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, abrasion resistance. Note de contenu : Table of Contents List of abbreviations................................................ List of figures........................................................... List of tables................................................................ General Introduction...........................................................................1 References.....................................................................................4 Chapter I: Polymers I.1.Polymers.................................................................................5 I.1.1. Definition..................................................................................5 I.1.2. Applications.......................................................................5 I.1.3. Polymer classification................................................................6 I.1.3.1. Thermosetting Polymers................................................................6 I.1.3.2. Thermoplastic Polymers............................................................7 I.1.3.3. Elastomers (Cross-linked Polymers) ...................................................8 I.2. Rubber..................................................................................9 I.2.1. Definition.........................................................................9 I.2.2. Types...............................................................................9 I.2.2.1. Natural rubber (NR) ............................................................9 I.2.2.1. Natural rubber (NR)rubber..........................................................11 I.2.4. Rubber Vulcanization..........................................................................12 I.2.4.1. Vulcanization based on sulfur.............................................................12 I.3. Pneumatic ..................................................................................... 13 I.3.1. Introduction.............................................................................. 13 I.3.2. History...................................................................................... 13 I.3.3.The main layers of a tire.........................................................................14 I.3.4. Explanation of Tire Markings................................................................ 16 I.3.5. Rubber additives............................................................................17 I.3.5.1.Fillers......................................................................................17 I.3.5.2. Accelerators...............................................................................20 I.3.5.3. Activators.................................................................................20 I.3.5.4. Antidegradents...............................................................................20 I.3.6. Impact on the environment and health..........................................................21 I.3.6.1. Environmental concerns.......................................................................21 I.3.6.2. Health concerns............................................................................21 References.............................................................................23 Chapter II: Materials and Methods II.1. Compound Preparation (Mixing Process) .....................................................26 II.1.1.Cleaning batch.............................................................................28 II.1.2.Master batch................................................................................28 II.1.3.Final batch............................................................................30 II.1.4.Vulcanization...................................................................31 II.1.5.Testing.................................................................................32 II.2.Quality control tests.......................................................................32 II.2.1.Mooney viscosity...................................................................32 II.2.2.Rheometer........................................................................34 II.2.3.Tensile..........................................................................36 II.2.4.Dispersion....................................................................38 II.3.The Invention of AFM...........................................40 II.4.Principle of AFM........................................................41 II.5.The Force-Distance Curve................................................................42 II.6.AFM Measurement Modes.......................................................43 II.6.1.Short-Distance Force Measurement....................................................43 II.6.1.a) Contact Mode...........................................................................43 II.6.2.Long-Distance Force Measurement...................................................44 II.6.2.a) Tapping Mode (AC Mode) ........................................................45 II.6.2.b) AMFM..........................................................................45 References.....................................................................47 Chapter III: Results and Discussion III.1 Mechanical characterizations.....................................................................48 III.1.1 Mooney Viscosity First and Final Stage........................................................48 III.1.2. Rheometric Properties..................................................................50 III.1.3.Tensile Properties...........................................................................53 III.1.4.Hardness Shore A.............................................................57 III.1.5.Dispersion Analysis.......................................................................59 III.2 Microscopy analysis by AFM....................................................63 III.2.1 Detection of CB in Rubber surface by AFM.....................................64 III.2.2. CB dispersion on Rubber surface........................................................67 References.................................................................................71 General conclusion.....................................................................................72 Côte titre : MACH/0377 Analysis of the Properties of Composite Materials by Atomic Force MicroscopyAnalysis of the Properties of Composite Materials by Atomic Force Microscopy [document électronique] / Khalissa Kara, Auteur ; Dina Ferdi, Auteur ; Y. Messaoudi, Directeur de thèse . - [S.l.] : Setif:UFA, 2025 . - 1vol. (72 f.). Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Chimie Mots-clés : Composite Materials Atomic Force MicroscopyAnalysis Résumé : In recent years, the automotive industry, particularly tire manufacturing, has experienced significant development and transformation from a simple rubber strip to a complex system composed of dozens of different materials. This complexity aims to significantly enhance tire performance, with a focus on increasing longevity, durability, and adaptability to various operational conditions. These improvements require a detailed study of the materials used and their manufacturing processes. In this study investigate the effect of carbon black with different grades on the rheological, mechanical and physical properties of rubber blend SBR/NR. Carbon black is widely used as a reinforcing filler in rubber composites, enhancing their properties. The grades added and chosen for the various formulations of rubber compounds are N234, N375, N660. The study evaluates how these three specific grades influence key properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, abrasion resistance. Note de contenu : Table of Contents List of abbreviations................................................ List of figures........................................................... List of tables................................................................ General Introduction...........................................................................1 References.....................................................................................4 Chapter I: Polymers I.1.Polymers.................................................................................5 I.1.1. Definition..................................................................................5 I.1.2. Applications.......................................................................5 I.1.3. Polymer classification................................................................6 I.1.3.1. Thermosetting Polymers................................................................6 I.1.3.2. Thermoplastic Polymers............................................................7 I.1.3.3. Elastomers (Cross-linked Polymers) ...................................................8 I.2. Rubber..................................................................................9 I.2.1. Definition.........................................................................9 I.2.2. Types...............................................................................9 I.2.2.1. Natural rubber (NR) ............................................................9 I.2.2.1. Natural rubber (NR)rubber..........................................................11 I.2.4. Rubber Vulcanization..........................................................................12 I.2.4.1. Vulcanization based on sulfur.............................................................12 I.3. Pneumatic ..................................................................................... 13 I.3.1. Introduction.............................................................................. 13 I.3.2. History...................................................................................... 13 I.3.3.The main layers of a tire.........................................................................14 I.3.4. Explanation of Tire Markings................................................................ 16 I.3.5. Rubber additives............................................................................17 I.3.5.1.Fillers......................................................................................17 I.3.5.2. Accelerators...............................................................................20 I.3.5.3. Activators.................................................................................20 I.3.5.4. Antidegradents...............................................................................20 I.3.6. Impact on the environment and health..........................................................21 I.3.6.1. Environmental concerns.......................................................................21 I.3.6.2. Health concerns............................................................................21 References.............................................................................23 Chapter II: Materials and Methods II.1. Compound Preparation (Mixing Process) .....................................................26 II.1.1.Cleaning batch.............................................................................28 II.1.2.Master batch................................................................................28 II.1.3.Final batch............................................................................30 II.1.4.Vulcanization...................................................................31 II.1.5.Testing.................................................................................32 II.2.Quality control tests.......................................................................32 II.2.1.Mooney viscosity...................................................................32 II.2.2.Rheometer........................................................................34 II.2.3.Tensile..........................................................................36 II.2.4.Dispersion....................................................................38 II.3.The Invention of AFM...........................................40 II.4.Principle of AFM........................................................41 II.5.The Force-Distance Curve................................................................42 II.6.AFM Measurement Modes.......................................................43 II.6.1.Short-Distance Force Measurement....................................................43 II.6.1.a) Contact Mode...........................................................................43 II.6.2.Long-Distance Force Measurement...................................................44 II.6.2.a) Tapping Mode (AC Mode) ........................................................45 II.6.2.b) AMFM..........................................................................45 References.....................................................................47 Chapter III: Results and Discussion III.1 Mechanical characterizations.....................................................................48 III.1.1 Mooney Viscosity First and Final Stage........................................................48 III.1.2. Rheometric Properties..................................................................50 III.1.3.Tensile Properties...........................................................................53 III.1.4.Hardness Shore A.............................................................57 III.1.5.Dispersion Analysis.......................................................................59 III.2 Microscopy analysis by AFM....................................................63 III.2.1 Detection of CB in Rubber surface by AFM.....................................64 III.2.2. CB dispersion on Rubber surface........................................................67 References.................................................................................71 General conclusion.....................................................................................72 Côte titre : MACH/0377

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Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
MACH/0377	MACH/0377	Mémoire	Bibliothèque des sciences	Anglais	Disponible Disponible

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