Optimum enhancement Factor in targting tumor using Gold nanoparticle / Chemess elassil Rafei

Public ISBD Titre : Optimum enhancement Factor in targting tumor using Gold nanoparticle Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Chemess elassil Rafei, Auteur ; Zine El Abidine Chaoui, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Setif:UFA Année de publication : 2025 Importance : 1 vol (70 f.) Format : 29 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Physique Mots-clés : Monte carlo Geant4 Geant-dna Gold nanoparticles Dna damage Index. décimale : 530 - Physique Résumé : In the context of cancer treatment, enhancing the biological effects of ionizing radiation remains a key objective. This study investigates the impact of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of varying sizes on the production of radiolytic species and the energy deposited at the cellular level under low-energy photon exposure. Using the Monte Carlo simulation code GEANT4-DNA, we modeled a water-based cellular environment with and without GNPs to analyze the variation in the yields of key reactive species such as OH°, H₂O₂, and eₐq⁻. The results demonstrate that larger GNPs (notably 50 nm) significantly increase energy deposition and radiolytic yield; however, such sizes may pose limitations for clinical application due to limited cellular penetration. As an alternative, the use of multiple smaller nanoparticles is suggested to achieve a similar radiosensitizing effect. Additionally, energy levels of 40 keV and 90 keV were identified as optimal for enhancing biological damage. This work confirms the potential of GNPs to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy through nanoscale energy modulation and reactive species amplification. Note de contenu : Contents Acknowledgment Dedicate List of figures List of tables Acronyms General introduction III CHAPTER 01: Radiation, dosimetry, and biological effects ..................................... 5 I.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5 I.2 Classification of radiation ......................................................................................... 5 I.3 photon interactions ................................................................................................... 5 I.3.1 photoelectric effects ....................................................................................... 5 I.3.2 Compton Scattering ........................................................................................... 6 I.3.3 coherent scattering ............................................................................................. 7 I.4 electrons interactions ................................................................................................ 8 I.4.1 elastic interactions ............................................................................................. 8 I.4.2 inelastic interactions........................................................................................... 8 I.4.2.1 Electron-electron interaction (by collision ) ................................................. 8 I.4.2.2 Electron-nucleus interaction (by braking) .................................................. 10 I.5 Dosimetric Quantities: definition ............................................................................ 11 I.5.1 introduction ..................................................................................................... 11 I.5.2 absorbed dose .................................................................................................. 11 I.5.3 Linear energy transfer (LET) ........................................................................... 11 I.6 biological effects of radiation ................................................................................. 12 I.6.1 general overview of the cell ............................................................................. 12 I.6.2 Types of Cells .................................................................................................. 14 I.6.3 Cell Cycle ........................................................................................................ 15 I.7 Radiobiology .......................................................................................................... 16 I.6.1 Direct and Indirect Action of radiation ............................................................. 16 I.6.2 general overview of DNA strand breaks ........................................................... 19 II.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 20 II.7 Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 21 III CHAPTER 02: Nanotechnology and Nanoperticle, classification and application ... 24 II.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 24 II.2 Nanotechnology in cancer treatment...................................................................... 24 II.3 Classifications of nanomaterials ............................................................................ 25 II.4 Classifications of nanoparticles (NPs) ................................................................ 26 II.4.1 Inorganic NPs ................................................................................................. 26 II.4.1.1 Magnetic .................................................................................................. 27 II.4.1.2 ceramic nanoparticles ............................................................................... 28 II.4.1.3 Semiconductor ......................................................................................... 28 II.4.2 Organic nanoparticles ..................................................................................... 29 II.4.3 Carbon based-nanoparticles ............................................................................ 29 II.5 Application of nanoparticles (NPs) medicine ......................................................... 30 II.5.1 Drug Delivery................................................................................................... 30 III.5.2 Diagnostics.................................................................................................... 31 II.6 conclusion ............................................................................................................. 31 II.6 Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 32 III CHAPTER 03: Monte Carlo simulation of photon interactions with Gold nanoparticle loaded cells ............................................................................................... 35 III.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 35 III.2 Monte Carlo method ............................................................................................ 35 III.3 Geant4 ................................................................................................................. 35 III.4 Class categories of Geant4 ................................................................................... 36 III.5 Main Geant4 Files and User files ......................................................................... 39 III.6 Geant4-DNA ....................................................................................................... 39 III.7 Simulation setup .................................................................................................. 40 III.8 Workflow of the simulation ................................................................................. 42 III.9 Results ................................................................................................................. 42 III.9.1 part 01 ........................................................................................................... 42 III.9.1.1 ratio of photon interaction effects for different GNP sizes ....................... 42 III.9.1.3 Dose enhancement factor (DEF) based on Geant4 ................................... 45 III.9.2 Part 02 ........................................................................................................... 46 III.9.2.1 G-value Ratio for water radiolytic species ............................................... 46 III.9.2.2 Dose enhancement factor based on Geant4-dna ....................................... 49 III.9.2.2 Dose enhancement factor based on Geant4-dna ....................................... 49 III.9.2.3 Linear energy transfer (LET)................................................................... 50 III.9.2.4 G-value for water radiolytic as a function of Time and LET .................... 51 III.9.3 part 03 ....................................................................................................... 57 III.10 discussion of Results .......................................................................................... 60 III.10.1 ratio of photon interaction effects for different GNP sizes............................ 60 III.10.2 Auger electron production for different GNP sizes ...................................... 62 III.10.3 Dose enhancement factor based on Geant4 .................................................. 62 III.10.4 G-value Ratio for water radiolytic species ................................................... 63 III.10.5 Dose enhancement factor using Geant4-dna ................................................ 64 III.10.6 Linear energy transfer (LET) ....................................................................... 65 III.10.7 Temporal and LET dependence of G-value in water radiolysis .................... 65 III.10.7.1 LET dependence of G-value in water radiolysis .................................... 66 III.10.7.2 Temporal evolution water radiolysis G-value .......................................... 66 III.10.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 68 III.11 Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 68 General Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 69 Appendix....................................................................................................................... 72 Appendix 01 : ratio of photon interaction effects for different GNP sizes ................... 72 Appendix 02: G-value Ratio for water radiolytic species ............................................ 74 Appendix 03: Linear energy transfer (LET) ............................................................... 75 Appendix 04: G-value as a function of LET and Time ............................................... 75 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 85 Côte titre : MAPH/0665 Optimum enhancement Factor in targting tumor using Gold nanoparticle [document électronique] / Chemess elassil Rafei, Auteur ; Zine El Abidine Chaoui, Directeur de thèse . - [S.l.] : Setif:UFA, 2025 . - 1 vol (70 f.) ; 29 cm. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Thèses & Mémoires:Physique Mots-clés : Monte carlo Geant4 Geant-dna Gold nanoparticles Dna damage Index. décimale : 530 - Physique Résumé : In the context of cancer treatment, enhancing the biological effects of ionizing radiation remains a key objective. This study investigates the impact of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of varying sizes on the production of radiolytic species and the energy deposited at the cellular level under low-energy photon exposure. Using the Monte Carlo simulation code GEANT4-DNA, we modeled a water-based cellular environment with and without GNPs to analyze the variation in the yields of key reactive species such as OH°, H₂O₂, and eₐq⁻. The results demonstrate that larger GNPs (notably 50 nm) significantly increase energy deposition and radiolytic yield; however, such sizes may pose limitations for clinical application due to limited cellular penetration. As an alternative, the use of multiple smaller nanoparticles is suggested to achieve a similar radiosensitizing effect. Additionally, energy levels of 40 keV and 90 keV were identified as optimal for enhancing biological damage. This work confirms the potential of GNPs to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy through nanoscale energy modulation and reactive species amplification. Note de contenu : Contents Acknowledgment Dedicate List of figures List of tables Acronyms General introduction III CHAPTER 01: Radiation, dosimetry, and biological effects ..................................... 5 I.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5 I.2 Classification of radiation ......................................................................................... 5 I.3 photon interactions ................................................................................................... 5 I.3.1 photoelectric effects ....................................................................................... 5 I.3.2 Compton Scattering ........................................................................................... 6 I.3.3 coherent scattering ............................................................................................. 7 I.4 electrons interactions ................................................................................................ 8 I.4.1 elastic interactions ............................................................................................. 8 I.4.2 inelastic interactions........................................................................................... 8 I.4.2.1 Electron-electron interaction (by collision ) ................................................. 8 I.4.2.2 Electron-nucleus interaction (by braking) .................................................. 10 I.5 Dosimetric Quantities: definition ............................................................................ 11 I.5.1 introduction ..................................................................................................... 11 I.5.2 absorbed dose .................................................................................................. 11 I.5.3 Linear energy transfer (LET) ........................................................................... 11 I.6 biological effects of radiation ................................................................................. 12 I.6.1 general overview of the cell ............................................................................. 12 I.6.2 Types of Cells .................................................................................................. 14 I.6.3 Cell Cycle ........................................................................................................ 15 I.7 Radiobiology .......................................................................................................... 16 I.6.1 Direct and Indirect Action of radiation ............................................................. 16 I.6.2 general overview of DNA strand breaks ........................................................... 19 II.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 20 II.7 Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 21 III CHAPTER 02: Nanotechnology and Nanoperticle, classification and application ... 24 II.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 24 II.2 Nanotechnology in cancer treatment...................................................................... 24 II.3 Classifications of nanomaterials ............................................................................ 25 II.4 Classifications of nanoparticles (NPs) ................................................................ 26 II.4.1 Inorganic NPs ................................................................................................. 26 II.4.1.1 Magnetic .................................................................................................. 27 II.4.1.2 ceramic nanoparticles ............................................................................... 28 II.4.1.3 Semiconductor ......................................................................................... 28 II.4.2 Organic nanoparticles ..................................................................................... 29 II.4.3 Carbon based-nanoparticles ............................................................................ 29 II.5 Application of nanoparticles (NPs) medicine ......................................................... 30 II.5.1 Drug Delivery................................................................................................... 30 III.5.2 Diagnostics.................................................................................................... 31 II.6 conclusion ............................................................................................................. 31 II.6 Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 32 III CHAPTER 03: Monte Carlo simulation of photon interactions with Gold nanoparticle loaded cells ............................................................................................... 35 III.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 35 III.2 Monte Carlo method ............................................................................................ 35 III.3 Geant4 ................................................................................................................. 35 III.4 Class categories of Geant4 ................................................................................... 36 III.5 Main Geant4 Files and User files ......................................................................... 39 III.6 Geant4-DNA ....................................................................................................... 39 III.7 Simulation setup .................................................................................................. 40 III.8 Workflow of the simulation ................................................................................. 42 III.9 Results ................................................................................................................. 42 III.9.1 part 01 ........................................................................................................... 42 III.9.1.1 ratio of photon interaction effects for different GNP sizes ....................... 42 III.9.1.3 Dose enhancement factor (DEF) based on Geant4 ................................... 45 III.9.2 Part 02 ........................................................................................................... 46 III.9.2.1 G-value Ratio for water radiolytic species ............................................... 46 III.9.2.2 Dose enhancement factor based on Geant4-dna ....................................... 49 III.9.2.2 Dose enhancement factor based on Geant4-dna ....................................... 49 III.9.2.3 Linear energy transfer (LET)................................................................... 50 III.9.2.4 G-value for water radiolytic as a function of Time and LET .................... 51 III.9.3 part 03 ....................................................................................................... 57 III.10 discussion of Results .......................................................................................... 60 III.10.1 ratio of photon interaction effects for different GNP sizes............................ 60 III.10.2 Auger electron production for different GNP sizes ...................................... 62 III.10.3 Dose enhancement factor based on Geant4 .................................................. 62 III.10.4 G-value Ratio for water radiolytic species ................................................... 63 III.10.5 Dose enhancement factor using Geant4-dna ................................................ 64 III.10.6 Linear energy transfer (LET) ....................................................................... 65 III.10.7 Temporal and LET dependence of G-value in water radiolysis .................... 65 III.10.7.1 LET dependence of G-value in water radiolysis .................................... 66 III.10.7.2 Temporal evolution water radiolysis G-value .......................................... 66 III.10.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 68 III.11 Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 68 General Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 69 Appendix....................................................................................................................... 72 Appendix 01 : ratio of photon interaction effects for different GNP sizes ................... 72 Appendix 02: G-value Ratio for water radiolytic species ............................................ 74 Appendix 03: Linear energy transfer (LET) ............................................................... 75 Appendix 04: G-value as a function of LET and Time ............................................... 75 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 85 Côte titre : MAPH/0665

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